infrared spectrum of propylamine prominent wavenumbers cm-1 detecting functional groups present finger print for identification of propanamine image diagram doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

Advanced Organic Chemistry: Infrared spectrum of propylamine CH₃CH₂CH₂NH₂

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Interpreting and explaining the infrared spectrum of propylamine (1-aminopropane, propan-1-amine, 1-propylamine)

[Author © Dr Phil Brown PhD: Doc Brown's advanced level organic chemistry exam revision notes suitable for students of UK A level chemistry courses & US K12 grade 11, grade 12 and AP honors chemistry courses: Molecular spectroscopy analysis of propylamine (propanamine) [spectra updated Mar 28th 2026 *]

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Infrared spectroscopy - spectra index

Introductory note on the infrared spectrum of propylamine

Students and teachers please note my explanation of the infrared spectrum of propylamine is designed for advanced, but pre-university, chemistry courses.

Based in the infrared spectrum diagram for propylamine, only some of the most prominent peaks for particular bond vibrations are discussed, particularly if propylamine has a functional group with a particular characteristic wavenumber peak.

The infrared spectrum of propylamine is unique and the whole, or selected wavenumbers, can be used to fingerprint its identity, sometimes analysing a mixture containing propylamine or following its change of concentration in a reaction.

infrared spectrum of propylamine wavenumbers cm-1 functional group detection fingerprint pattern identification of propylamine doc brown's advanced organic chemistry revision notes

Spectra obtained from a liquid film of propylamine. The right-hand part of the of the infrared spectrum of propylamine, wavenumbers ~1500 to 400 cm^-1 is considered the fingerprint region for the identification of propylamine and most organic compounds. It is due to a unique set of complex overlapping vibrations of the atoms of the molecule of propylamine.

propylamine, (1-aminopropane), C₃H₉N, , ,

The classification, structure and naming of organic nitrogen compounds

Interpretation of the infrared spectrum of propylamine

The most prominent infrared absorption lines of propylamine

At ~wavenumbers 3500 to 3300 cm^-1 are 'twin peaks' for N-H bond stretching vibrations, these twin bands are characteristic of primary amines like propylamine.

Primary amines have a highly polar bond (^δ-N-H^δ+) and the intermolecular forces are increased by permanent dipole - permanent dipole attractions including hydrogen bonding (N-H^δ+llll^δ-N-H) between the propylamine molecules (diagram below).

The hydrogen bonding interferes with the N-H stretching vibrations often producing a broader absorption band.

Around 1650 to 1580 cm-1 are N-H deformation vibration bands.

Around 1220 to 1020 are C-N stretching vibration bands of the propylamine molecule.

hydrogen bonding in aliphatic amines stronger intermolecular force bonds bonding higher boiling points compared to alkanes with no hydrogen bonding

There are also characteristic bands due to N-H vibrations at wavenumbers ~1650 to 1580 cm^-1.

Absorption due to C-N vibrations, characteristic of C-N bonds in aliphatic amines occur at 1220 to 1020 cm^-1.

Around 3000 to 2800 are absorptions due to C-H stretching vibrations and tend to overlap with the N-H stretching vibration absorptions.

The absence of other specific functional group bands will show that particular functional group is absent from the propylamine molecular structure.

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Links associated with propylamine

The mass spectrum of propylamine (propan-1-amine, 1-aminopropane)

The H-1 NMR spectrum of propylamine (propan-1-amine, 1-aminopropane)

The C-13 NMR spectrum of propylamine (propan-1amine, 1-aminopropane)

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Website content © Dr Phil Brown 2000+. All copyrights reserved on revision notes, images, quizzes, worksheets etc. Copying of Doc Brown's pre-university advanced level chemistry website material is NOT permitted. Exam revision summaries & references to science course specifications are unofficial. These organic chemistry revision notes on spectroscopy (on the mass spectrum of propylamine, propanamine, propan-1-amine, 1-propylamine, 1-propanamine) are suitable for use of pre-university students studying AQA advanced level chemistry, Edexcel advanced level chemistry, OCR advanced level chemistry, IB advanced level chemistry, WJEC (Eduqas) advanced level chemistry, CIE advanced level chemistry, CCEA advanced level chemistry, US grade 11-12 AP honors chemistry courses and they will also prove useful to 1st year undergraduate students of chemistry.