Introduction to the isomerism and selected isomers of molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₂

Selected aliphatic carboxylic acid and ester structural isomers of molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₂

Composition of C₆H₁₂O₂

Percent composition based on atomic masses C= 12.01  H = 1.01  O = 16.00  and  M_r(C₆H₁₂O₂) = 116.18

Element composition (to two dp): carbon = 62.03%     hydrogen = 10.43%     oxygen = 27.54%

Empirical formula = C₃H₆O for molecular formula = C₆H₁₂O₂

Please note there are a very large number of isomers of molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₂ and this page presents a selection of them and where appropriate indicates the type of isomerism involved.

There are hundreds of isomers with the molecular formula C₂H₁₂O₂

Initially have chosen examples of isomers that pre-university students are most likely to come across, and that is usually carboxylic acids and esters.

Structural isomerism  - isomers based on different connectivity's of the constituent atoms, so cannot be spatially identical (but can be defined as having the same shape).

This includes (a) carbon chain variation (usually need a minimum of 4 atoms), (b) change in position of a substituent or functional group and (c) functional group isomerism where the atoms have a different connectivity configuration, usually with significant differences in chemical and physical properties e.g.

(a) The chain variation is between e.g. C-C-C-C-C-C-O and C-C-C-C-O-C-C as well as carbon chain branching and .alicyclic compounds - cyclic alkanes.

(b) There is positional variation e.g. the hydroxy substituent in the aldehydes or the position of the ketone group in the hydroxy ketones.

(c) There are lots of examples of functional group isomerism e.g. carboxylic acids, esters, hydroxy-aldehydes, hydroxy-ketones, alkene-alcohols (unsaturated 'enols') and both alicyclic and heterocyclic ring compounds.

Stereoisomerism - isomers based on the same connectivity of the atoms (same constitutional formula), but in some way, they are 2D or 3D spatially different non-superimposable images (e.g. E/Z 'geometrical' isomers or mirror image R/S 'optical' isomers)

This is where molecules have the same basic constitutional structural formula, but isomers differ in the 2D/3D arrangement of the atoms.

For stereoisomers, the (CIP) abbreviation means the IUPAC Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority order rule for assigning E/Z (geometrical) and R/S (optical) stereoisomers.

E/Z stereoisomerism was called 'geometrical isomerism' e.g. cis and trans isomers of alkenes or disubstituted cyclic alkanes where, due to restricted bond rotation, there are 2D/3D spatial variations that are not mirror images and not super imposable.

e.g. some of the alkene-alcohols (enols) exhibit E/Z geometrical isomerism

R/S stereoisomerism was called 'optical isomerism', the pairs of isomers are called enantiomers which are 3D non-superimposable mirror image forms of the molecule. The molecule must have a chiral centre (a stereocentre), that is an asymmetric carbon atom with four different atoms/groups attached to it.

e.g. some of the hydroxy-aldehydes can exhibit R/S optical isomerism as can some of the carboxylic acids.

It can get very complex with some of the alicyclic or heterocyclic ring compounds where E/Z and R/S isomerism can overlap for the same molecule!

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Details of selected constitutional isomers and their possible stereoisomers of formula C₆H₁₂O₂

(a) Carboxylic acids of molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₂

Note that COOH is shorthand for the carboxylic acid functional group O=C-O-H

(1) hexanoic acid , , ,

Number of low resolution NMR chemical shift δ signal peaks: 6 ¹H and 6 ¹³C (email if disagree?)

¹H NMR ratio of peaks: 3 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 1 (for equivalent protons)

(2) 2-methylpentanoic acid , ,

This molecule will exhibit R/S stereoisomerism, optical isomers - enantiomers, C2 is chiral.

Number of low resolution NMR chemical shift δ signal peaks: 6 ¹H and 6 ¹³C (email if disagree?)

¹H NMR ratio of peaks: 3 : 2 : 2 : 1 : 3 : 1 (for equivalent protons)

(3) 3-methylpentanoic acid , ,

this molecule will exhibit R/S stereoisomerism, optical isomers - enantiomers, C3 is chiral.

Number of low resolution NMR chemical shift δ signal peaks: 6 ¹H and 6 ¹³C (email if disagree?)

¹H NMR ratio of peaks: 3 : 2 : 1 : 3 : 2 : 1 (for equivalent protons)

(4) 4-methylpentanoic acid , ,

Number of low resolution NMR chemical shift δ signal peaks: 5 ¹H and 5 ¹³C (email if disagree?)

¹H NMR ratio of peaks: 6 (3+3) : 1 : 2 : 2 : 1 (for equivalent protons)

(5) 2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid,  CH₃CH₂C(CH₃)₂COOH 

Number of low resolution NMR chemical shift δ signal peaks: 4 ¹H and 5 ¹³C (email if disagree?)

¹H NMR ratio of peaks: 3 : 2 : 6 (3+3) : 1 (for equivalent protons)

(6) 3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid,  CH₃C(CH₃)₂CH₂COOH  or (CH₃)₃CCH₂COOH 

Number of low resolution NMR chemical shift δ signal peaks: 3 ¹H and 4 ¹³C (email if disagree?)

¹H NMR ratio of peaks: 9 (3x3) : 2 : 1 (for equivalent protons)

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(b) Esters of molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₂

(7) to (11) are some of the many ester functional group isomers i.e. carboxylic acids and esters can be isomeric with each other.

The five esters illustrated below are derived by increasing and decreasing the length of the two carbon atom chains and bear in mind that you can produce more structures by branching the longer carbon chains.

Note that COOC shorthand for the ester linkage functional group O=C-O-C

(7) methyl pentanoate , , ,

An ester made from pentanoic acid and methanol

Number of low resolution NMR chemical shift δ signal peaks: 5 ¹H and 6 ¹³C (email if disagree?)

¹H NMR ratio of peaks: 3 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 3 (for equivalent protons)

(8) ethyl butanoate , , ,

An ester made from butanoic acid and ethanol

Number of low resolution NMR chemical shift δ signal peaks: 5 ¹H and 6 ¹³C (email if disagree?)

¹H NMR ratio of peaks: 3 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 3 (for equivalent protons)

(9) propyl propanoate, CH₃CH₂COOCH₂CH₂CH₃

An ester made from propanoic acid and propan-1-ol

Number of low resolution NMR chemical shift δ signal peaks: 5 ¹H and 6 ¹³C (email if disagree?)

¹H NMR ratio of peaks: 3 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 3 (for equivalent protons)

(10) butyl ethanoate, CH₃COOCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃

An ester made from ethanoic acid and butan-1-ol

Number of low resolution NMR chemical shift δ signal peaks: 5 ¹H and 6 ¹³C (email if disagree?)

¹H NMR ratio of peaks: 3 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 3 (for equivalent protons)

(11) pentyl methanoate, HCOOCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃

An ester made from methanoic acid and pentan-1-ol

Number of low resolution NMR chemical shift δ signal peaks: 6 ¹H and 6 ¹³C (email if disagree?)

¹H NMR ratio of peaks: 1 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 3 (for equivalent protons)

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(c) Methoxy- or hydroxy-aldehydes and methoxy- or hydroxy-ketones of molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₂

There are also lots of hydroxy-aldehydes, hydroxy-ketones and enols (enol-diols) with a C₆H₁₂O₂ molecular formula

For the functional groups in abbreviated structural formulae, note ...

CO is a >C=O carbonyl group of ketones (named ...one), R₂C=O where both R must be alkyl or aryl

and CHO is the H-C=O aldehyde group (named ...al),

plus some have an ether C-O-C group linkages (instead of an OH hydroxy group) e.g. via the methoxy group OCH₃

A molecule with a chiral carbon (often the C of a CH group), will exhibit R/S stereoisomerism, exhibiting R/S isomers, optical isomers - non-superimposable mirror image forms known as enantiomers.

Note that IUPAC nomenclature rules state that the aldehyde or ketone group takes precedence over the ether methoxy or hydroxy alcohol groups, the compounds are named with the ...al or ...one suffix and the alcohol named as the hydroxy substituent prefix. Take care with the prefix number too!

Some of the alcohol (hydroxy)-aldehyde or methoxy-aldehyde isomers of molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₂

For example five linear hydroxy-aldehydes based on hexanal

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(OH)CHO  2-hydroxyhexanal, R/S isomers, C2 chiral centre

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH(OH)CH₂CHO  3-hydroxyhexanal, R/S isomers, C3 chiral centre

CH₃CH₂CH(OH)CH₂CH₂CHO  4-hydroxyhexanal, R/S isomers, C4 chiral centre

CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CH₂CH₂CHO  5-hydroxyhexanal, R/S isomers, C5 chiral centre

HOCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CHO  6-hydroxyhexanal

and two methoxy-aldehydes (ether-aldehydes)

CH₃OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CHO  5-methoxypentanal

CH₃CH₂CH(OCH₃)CH₂CHO  3-methoxypentanal, R/S isomers, C3 chiral centre

and lots more if you 'branch' the carbon chain!

AND lots of hydroxy-ketones are possible too e.g.

five linear hydroxy-ketones based on hexan-2-one

Some of the alcohol (hydroxy)-ketone or methoxy-ketone isomers of molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₂

HOCH₂COCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃  1-hydroxyhexan-2-one (1-hydroxy-2-hexanone)

CH₃COCH(OH)CH₂CH₂CH₃  3-hydroxyhexan-2-one (3-hydroxy-2-hexanone), R/S isomers, C3 chiral

CH₃COCH₂CH(OH)CH₂CH₃  4-hydroxyhexan-2-one (4-hydroxy-2-hexanone), R/S isomers, C4 chiral

CH₃COCH₂CH₂CH(OH)CH₃  5-hydroxyhexan-2-one (5-hydroxy-2-hexanone), R/S isomers, C5 chiral

CH₃COCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH  6-hydroxyhexan-2-one (6-hydroxy-2-hexanone)

and two methoxy-ketones (ether-ketones)

CH₃COCH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₃  5-methoxypentan-2-one (5-methoxy-2-pentanone)

CH₃COCH₂CH(OCH₃)CH₃  4-methoxypentan-2-one (4-methoxy-2-pentanone), R/S isomers, C4 chiral

Lots more with branched chain and five more based on hexan-3-one

HOCH₂CH₂COCH₂CH₂CH₃  1-hydroxypentan-3-one (1-hydroxy-3-pentanone)

CH₃CH(OH)COCH₂CH₂CH₃  2-hydroxyhexan-3-one (2-hydroxy-3-hexanone), R/S isomers

CH₃CH₂COCH(OH)CH₂CH₃  4-hydroxyhexan-3-one (4-hydroxy-3-hexanone), R/S isomers, C2 chiral

CH₃CH₂COCH₂CH(OH)CH₃  5-hydroxyhexan-3-one (5-hydroxy-3-hexanone), R/S isomers, C5 chiral

CH₃CH₂COCH₂CH₂CH₂OH  6-hydroxyhexan-3-one (6-hydroxy-3-hexanone)

and, again, there are lots more 'branched' isomers of these five above too!

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(d) Ene-diols with molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₂

There are also lots more examples of function group isomerism including, alkene diol and cyclo-diol compounds e.g.

HOCH₂CH₂CH=CHCH₂CH₂OH  hex-3-ene-1,6-diol (3-hexene-1,6-diol)

with two functional groups (alkene and primary alcohol) and will exhibit E/Z geometrical isomerism via C3=C4.

Please note all the structures I'm showing do exist and can be found on the internet.

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(e-f) There are also some cyclic compounds of molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₂

(e) Alicyclic compounds of molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₂

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(g) Comparison of diagnostic infrared spectrum wavenumbers for selected groups of isomers of C₆H₁₂O₂

Overview of diagnostic IR regions for C₆H₁₂O₂ isomers

Esters, carboxylic acids, alcohols, ethers, and unsaturated (alkene-containing) isomers of C₆H₁₂O₂ have distinct, regularly used diagnostic absorptions: carbonyl C=O for esters/acids, broad O–H for acids/alcohols, C–O for alcohols/esters/ethers, and C=C plus =C–H for alkenes.

Comparative table of prominent diagnostic peaks

Isomer class	Most diagnostic peaks (cm⁻¹)	Appearance / intensity	What to check next
Ester	1735–1750 C=O; 1050–1300 C–O	Strong sharp C=O; strong C–O	Absence of broad O–H; look for two C–O bands (asym/sym)
Carboxylic acid	1700–1725 C=O; 2500–3300 O–H (broad)	Strong C=O; very broad, often slammed O–H	Broad O–H often masks C–H regions
Alcohol	3200–3550 O–H (broad or H-bonded); 1000–1260 C–O	Broad O–H variable width; medium C–O	No C=O; check shape of O–H to distinguish acid versus alcohol
Ether	1050–1150 C–O–C	Medium C–O; no O–H or C=O	Look to fingerprint for C–O–C pattern
Alkene-containing isomer	1620–1680 C=C; 3020–3100 =C–H (terminal)	Medium C=C; weak =C–H stretches	C=C weaker than C=O and may be shifted by conjugation

Sources: Spectrometrics application note; Specac IR frequency tables; LibreTexts IR functional groups.

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Common misconceptions and how to avoid them for isomers of C₆H₁₂O₂

• Mistaking ester C=O for acid C=O because they overlap; check for broad O–H (present only in acids).

• Treating any broad O–H as an alcohol; carboxylic acid O–H is much broader and extends to lower wavenumbers than alcohol O–H.

• Missing a C=C because a stronger nearby C=O dominates the 1600–1800 cm⁻¹ region; scan for weak medium bands ~1620–1680 cm⁻¹ and for =C–H stretches around 3020–3100 cm⁻¹.

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Exam-focused identification checklist for the isomers of C₆H₁₂O₂

1. Scan 1700–1750 cm⁻¹ first for any C=O; if present, decide ester (≈1735–1750) versus acid (≈1700–1725) by checking 2500–3300 cm⁻¹ for broad O–H.

2. If no C=O, inspect 3200–3550 cm⁻¹ for O–H (alcohol) and 1000–1260 cm⁻¹ for C–O versus 1050–1150 cm⁻¹ for ethers.

3. Always search 1620–1680 cm⁻¹ for C=C and 3020–3100 cm⁻¹ for =C–H to catch alkene isomers that lack carbonyls.

4. Use relative intensities and band shapes: sharp strong C=O is decisive, very broad O–H indicates acid, medium/weak C=C can be missed without focused inspection.

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Quick practical tips for revision and exam answers for questions that involve isomers of C₆H₁₂O₂

• Quote ranges, then give the decisive follow-up test (e.g., “C=O at 1735–1750; confirm ester by absence of broad O–H”).

• When labelling spectra in exam answers, name both the peak and the reasoning line (peak → functional group → why not the alternative).

• Practice with mixed spectra where peaks overlap (carbonyl plus alkene) so you learn to hunt weak bands in congested regions.

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(h) An overview of aspects of the chemistry of selected isomers of C₆H₁₂O₂

Number of constitutional isomers of C₆H₁₂O₂

The exact count depends on which structural families you choose to include (open‑chain versus cyclic, simple ethers versus cyclic ethers, explicit lactones, whether you count distinct ring sizes and positional isomers separately).

For typical pre‑university exercises that include acyclic esters, carboxylic acids, alcohols, ethers, alkene‑containing isomers, and simple cyclic isomers (5‑ and 6‑membered rings, plus simple lactones), students usually work with about 25–30 distinct constitutional isomers.

Exhaustive professional enumeration including all possible cyclic ethers, lactones, and less common connectivities gives a larger number; for exam practice use the 25–30 range and be prepared to justify which families you included when asked.

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How to enumerate the isomers (logical method) for selected isomers of C₆H₁₂O₂

• Start by dividing by functional group families: carboxylic acids, esters, alcohols, ethers, alkenes (unsaturated alcohols/ethers/esters), cyclic alcohols/ethers/carboxylic acids, and lactones.

• For each family, enumerate carbon skeletons (straight chain versus branched): hexyl, 2‑methyl‑pentyl, 3‑methyl‑pentyl, 2,2‑dimethyl‑butyl, 2,3‑dimethyl‑butyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl‑methyl, etc.

• Within each skeleton, place the functional group(s) in all non‑equivalent positions (positional isomers).

• Count ring sizes separately (5‑ and 6‑membered rings produce distinct constitutional isomers).

• Exclude stereoisomers (cis/trans, R/S) when giving the constitutional isomer count.

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Types of isomerism exhibited by selected isomers of C₆H₁₂O₂

• Constitutional (structural) isomerism: different connectivity (e.g., ethyl butanoate versus methyl pentanoate).

• Functional‑group isomerism: different functional groups with same formula (e.g., ester versus carboxylic acid; ether versus alcohol + alkene combinations).

• Positional isomerism: same functional group on different carbon (e.g., 1‑hexanol versus 2‑hexanol analogues for hydroxy derivatives).

• Ring–chain isomerism: acyclic versus cyclic forms (e.g., hexanol derivatives versus cyclohexyl methanol or methylcyclopentanol).

• Tautomerism (limited): not a major feature for neutral C6H12O2 families except where enol/ketone chemistry is possible in conjugated systems—rare in simple saturated examples.

• Stereoisomerism (separate from constitutional): many constitutional isomers contain stereocentres or alkene geometry (cis/trans) — these are not counted in the constitutional tally but are exam‑relevant.

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Representative structural families for selected examples of isomers of C₆H₁₂O₂

• Carboxylic acids: hexanoic acid; 2‑methylpentanoic acid; 3‑methylpentanoic acid; cyclopropylcarboxylic derivatives (where appropriate).

• Esters: ethyl butanoate; methyl pentanoate; isopropyl propanoate; tert‑butyl propanoate; methyl 2‑methylbutanoate.

• Alcohols (di/mono with O and O atom count): hexanols (1‑hexanol, 2‑hexanol, branched isomers); hydroxyesters (e.g., hydroxybutanoates) if counted as constitutional isomers.

• Ethers: alkyl–alkyl ethers (methoxy‑pentane isomers, ethoxy‑butane isomers), cyclic ethers (oxane/oxetane derivatives when allowed).

• Alkene‑containing isomers: unsaturated esters or alcohols (e.g., hexenyl alcohols or hexenoates) and positional alkene isomers (cis/trans possibilities).

• Lactones (cyclic esters): γ‑ and δ‑lactones derived from hydroxyacids giving distinct constitutional isomers.

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Differences in physical properties (how structure controls them) for selected isomers of C₆H₁₂O₂

• Boiling point: carboxylic acids (strong H‑bond dimers) >> alcohols (H‑bonding) > esters (dipole, no H‑bond donors) ≈ ethers (weaker dipole). Branching lowers b.p. within each family. Cyclic structures often raise b.p. versus similar mass branched acyclics.

• Melting point: symmetry and packing (e.g., straight‑chain isomers melt higher than highly branched ones).

• Solubility in water: acids and small alcohols are more soluble; esters and ethers less so; branching reduces solubility.

• Density and refractive index: modest changes with branching and polarity; esters/ethers are typically less polar than acids/alcohols but more polar than alkanes.

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Differences in chemical reactions and relative reactivity of selected isomers of C₆H₁₂O₂

• Carboxylic acids: acidic (pKa ~4–5 for simple aliphatic acids), undergo esterification, amide formation, reduction to alcohols, decarboxylation (under forcing conditions). More reactive toward nucleophiles at the carbonyl when activated.

• Esters: susceptible to acid/base hydrolysis and transesterification; less electrophilic than acid chlorides or anhydrides. Reactivity: acid or base catalysed hydrolysis; reduction to alcohols (LiAlH4).

• Alcohols: nucleophiles and can be protonated and substituted; oxidisable to aldehydes/ketones (primary → aldehyde → acid under strong conditions), can form esters. Reactivity depends on primary/secondary/tertiary and sterics.

• Ethers: relatively inert under neutral conditions; cleaved by strong acids (HI, HBr) or under extreme Lewis/Brønsted acid conditions.

• Alkenes (if present): undergo electrophilic addition, hydrogenation, oxidation (e.g., epoxidation, dihydroxylation), polymerisation; presence of C=C near oxygen (conjugation) changes stability and IR shifts.
  Relative reactivity summary (toward nucleophilic attack at carbonyl carbon): carboxylic acid derivatives (activated forms) > esters (moderate) > ethers (very low).

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Typical uses and applications of different isomer classes of C₆H₁₂O₂ molecules

• Esters: flavour and fragrance compounds, solvents, plasticisers, intermediates in synthesis.

• Carboxylic acids: antimicrobial agents, precursors to polymers (via esterification), intermediate for fragrances.

• Alcohols: solvents, reaction intermediates, surfactant precursors.

• Ethers: low‑polarity solvents, extraction agents, intermediates in synthesis.

• Alkenes and unsaturated isomers: monomer feedstocks, precursors to polymers and fine chemicals.

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Student misconceptions and how to correct them for selected isomers of C₆H₁₂O₂

• Misconception: “Same molecular formula = same properties.” Correction: emphasize functional group and H‑bonding differences that dominate properties.

• Misconception: “Ester C=O and acid C=O are identical.” Correction: compare IR ranges (ester ≈1735–1750 cm⁻¹ versus acid ≈1700–1725 cm⁻¹) and look for the broad acid O–H (2500–3300 cm⁻¹).

• Misconception: “Ethers are reactive like alcohols.” Correction: show typical conditions for cleavage (strong acids) versus alcohol reactivity (acid/base, oxidation).

• Misconception: “All branching increases boiling point.” Correction: branching tends to lower b.p. due to reduced surface area despite sometimes increasing steric hindrance for association.

• Misconception: “Counting isomers is just drawing random structures.” Correction: teach systematic enumeration (skeletons → functional groups → positions → symmetry equivalence).

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Exam revision tips (tailored for A level, IB, AP) for questions that may involve isomers of C₆H₁₂O₂

• Memorise and practice using a clear taxonomy: family → skeleton → position → stereochemistry.

• For written answers: always state which families you included when asked for “number of isomers” (e.g., “counting only constitutional isomers, excluding stereoisomers, and including 5‑ and 6‑membered rings gives X isomers”).

• Practise quick property ranking exercises (b.p., solubility, acidity) by comparing functional groups and branching.

• Learn a small set of diagnostic spectroscopic features (IR: C=O, O–H, C–O, C=C; 1H NMR: chemical shifts for CH3, CH₂ next to O, vinyl protons). Use these to eliminate possibilities in identification questions.

• Master key mechanisms: Fischer esterification, ester hydrolysis (acid/base), oxidation of alcohols, alkene addition reactions — practise drawing curved‑arrow steps.

• Use past paper questions from each board to familiarise yourself with phrasing; examiners often expect you to justify exclusions when enumerating isomers.

• Time management tip: when asked “draw all isomers,” allocate time to systematically generate skeletons before adding functional groups to avoid duplicates.

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Learning objectives - questions to be answered?

How do you work out the structure of the isomers of molecular formula C6H12O2?

How do you draw the structural formula and skeletal formula of the isomers of molecular formula C6H12O2?

How do you name the isomers of molecular formula C6H12O2?

How many aliphatic structural isomers are there of molecular formula C6H12O2?

How many aliphatic carbon chain isomers are there of molecular formula C6H12O2?

How many positional isomers are there of molecular formula C6H12O2?

Are there any aliphatic open chain alkene isomers of molecular formula C6H12O2?

Are there any carboxylic acid isomers of molecular formula C6H12O2?

Are there any ester isomers of molecular formula C6H12O2?

Are there any alkene-alcohol enol isomers of molecular formula C6H12O2?

Are there any alkene isomers of molecular formula C6H12O2?

Are there any alcohol isomers of molecular formula C6H12O2?

Are there any aldehyde isomers of molecular formula C6H12O2?

Are there any ketone isomers of molecular formula C6H12O2?

Are there any functional group isomers with a molecular formula C6H12O2?

Does C6H12O2 have any stereoisomers?

Are there any E/Z (geometrical) isomers with a molecular formula C6H12O2?

Are there any R/S (optical) isomers (enantiomers) with a molecular formula C6H12O2?

How many E/Z (geometrical) isomers are there of molecular formula C6H12O2?

How many R/S (optical) isomers (enantiomers) of molecular formula C6H12O2?

This page will answer these questions for molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₂

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Associated organic chemistry links

 Advanced Level pre-university organic chemistry notes

 IR, mass and H-1 & C-13 NMR spectra of organic compounds

Index of sets of isomers for a given molecular formula

Molecular structure and naming of carboxylic acids, derivative, isomers

Examples of the effects of isomerism on the similarity or difference in the physical and chemical properties of structural isomers

Examples of comparing the physical and chemical properties of R/S (optical) isomers (enantiomers)

Index of sets of isomers for a given molecular formula

Molecular structure and naming of carboxylic acids, derivative, isomers

INDEX of ALL revision notes on the chemistry of CARBOXYLIC ACIDS and DERIVATIVES

Isomerism: introduction, structural isomerism - chain, positional, functional group, tautomerism

Stereoisomerism: introduction, definition, priority rules, E/Z isomerism (cis/trans isomerism)

Stereoisomerism - R/S isomerism (optical isomerism) - definition - examples explained

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